TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A solar cell consisting of p and n silicon layers placed one above the other to form a pn junction at which radiant energy is converted into electricity.  3, record 1, English, - silicon%20solar%20cell

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Photopile utilisant le silicium comme matériau semiconducteur.  2, record 1, French, - photopile%20au%20silicium

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans la photopile au silicium, du point de vue technologique, on réalise la jonction p-N en faisant diffuser du bore(impureté «acceptrice») dans une plaquette monocristalline de silicium dopée au phosphore(impureté «donatrice») de type N, de telle sorte qu'il se constitue sur l'une des faces une couche p de quelques microns d’épaisseur.  4, record 1, French, - photopile%20au%20silicium

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Photopile : Dispositif utilisant l'effet photovoltaïque, qui convertit directement en électricité une partie de l'énergie du rayonnement du soleil ou d’une autre source de lumière.  5, record 1, French, - photopile%20au%20silicium

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A solar cell produced by depositing thin films of solar-cell materials onto sheets of plastic, glass, or metal.  4, record 2, English, - thin%2Dfilm%20solar%20cell

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Depending on the material, thin films may be produced in different ways, such as withdrawing a ribbon from a molten bath, slowly cooling a molten sheet on a substrate, or by spray or cooling.  5, record 2, English, - thin%2Dfilm%20solar%20cell

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Photopile produite par dépôt de minces couches de matériaux photovoltaïques sur des feuilles de plastique, de verre ou de métal.  4, record 2, French, - photopile%20en%20couches%20minces

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le domaine des matériaux à haut rendement, comme l’arséniure de gallium, on tente également de diminuer l’incidence du coût du matériau en réalisant des couches minces [...] Dans le domaine du silicium amorphe on pourra diminuer sensiblement les coûts de cellules puisque, sous sa forme amorphe, le silicium se dépose facilement en couche mince par des procédés chimiques utilisables en fabrication continue.  5, record 2, French, - photopile%20en%20couches%20minces

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A device that detects or measures electromagnetic radiation by generating a potential at a junction (barrier layer) between two types of material, upon absorption of radiant energy.  4, record 3, English, - photovoltaic%20cell

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

photovoltaic cell: A photovoltaic cell consists of a thin film of a semiconductor in contact with another appropriate material, usually a metal.  5, record 3, English, - photovoltaic%20cell

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

barrier-layer cell: The Modern Dictionary of Electronics, by R.E. Graf, Howard W. Sams Co., USA, 1977, p. 67, describes this as being a copper-cuprous oxide type of device, though there are, in fact, other types of barrier-layer cells.  6, record 3, English, - photovoltaic%20cell

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tube photosensible utilisant l’effet photovoltaïque.  5, record 3, French, - cellule%20photovolta%C3%AFque

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L’effet photovoltaïque se manifeste par l’apparition d’une force électromotrice au contact d’un métal et d’un semiconducteur. Cette f.e.m. est à peu près proportionnelle au flux lumineux incident. Les cellules photovoltaïques, peu sensibles, peu précises, d’inertie assez grande, ne nécessitent pas d’alimentation extérieure et sont employées dans les posemètres en photographie.  3, record 3, French, - cellule%20photovolta%C3%AFque

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

photopile : Peut désigner aussi une cellule à jonction pn.  6, record 3, French, - cellule%20photovolta%C3%AFque

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instrumento utilizado para la medida de la energía radiante mediante el efecto fotovoltaico.  3, record 3, Spanish, - c%C3%A9lula%20fotovoltaica

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Traitement chimique de la face avant d’une photopile destiné à en améliorer les propriétés d’absorption.  2, record 4, French, - texturisation

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Semiconductor having an insulating layer deposited on its substrate before the pattern of metal contacts is applied.  1, record 5, English, - metal%2Dinsulator%20semiconductor

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

photopile dont la jonction comporte un métal M et un semi-conducteur S séparés par une couche isolante I constituant une structure Schottky modifiée.  2, record 5, French, - semiconducteur%20m%C3%A9tal%2Disolant

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A device that] generates power by converting solar light into electricity.  2, record 6, English, - solar%20cell

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Meanwhile, solar cell is very popular as an energy source in space, and you can easily take a look at the huge solar cell panel on the ISS [International Space Station]. But the generation ability of the solar cell decreases in inversely proportional with the rate of 1.5 power to the distance from the Sun. (The intensity of Sun ray decreases in inversely proportional with 2.0 power to the distance from the Sun, while the generation efficiency of the solar cell increases with lowering temperature.) Therefore, if we send spacecraft to the planet farther than the Asteroid Belt (numerous small planets existing at the orbit between Mars and Jupiter) and conduct many observational work, solar cell is no longer effective. There, the Sun ray is too weak and a simulation indicates we need huge solar cell panels.  3, record 6, English, - solar%20cell

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

solar cell: term officially approved by the International Space Station Terminology Approval Group (ISSTAG).  4, record 6, English, - solar%20cell

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Solar cell power supply.  5, record 6, English, - solar%20cell

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositif qui convertit directement la lumière solaire en électricité.  5, record 6, French, - photopile

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

photopile : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale(GTTSSI).  6, record 6, French, - photopile

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Alimentation par piles solaires.  7, record 6, French, - photopile

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] solar cell [that] is a combination of two cells stacked atop one another, with the top and bottom cells gathering energy from separate parts of the solar spectrum.  1, record 7, English, - tandem%20solar%20cell

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tandem cells require two solar cells that not only have the desired electrical and optical properties, but must also share compatible manufacturing processes.  1, record 7, English, - tandem%20solar%20cell

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Photopile formée par l'association de deux cellules disposées l'une par dessus l'autre, les cellules inférieure et supérieure prélevant leur énergie d’éléments distincts du spectre solaire.  3, record 7, French, - cellule%20solaire%20en%20tandem

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Concentrator cells ... work with [great] light intensity. Mirrors and line systems are used to concentrate the radiation. To attain high energy yields, such concentrator systems have to track the sun. The greater series resistance under concentrated radiation poses a problem. Hence, concentrator cells have to be highly doped and equipped with especially low-loss contacts.  3, record 8, English, - concentrator%20solar%20cell

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the maximum power to the product of area and irradiance expressed as a percentage.  3, record 9, English, - photovoltaic%20efficiency

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rendement entre la puissance électrique maximale donnée par une photopile et l'éclairement correspondant.  1, record 9, French, - rendement%20photovolta%C3%AFque

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A thin-film solar cell made of very thin CdTe [cadmium telluride] semi-conductor films ...  3, record 10, English, - cadmium%20telluride%20cell

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Photopile à couches minces composée d’un film semiconducteur de tellurure de cadmium.  2, record 10, French, - photopile%20au%20tellurure%20de%20cadmium

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A photovoltaic cell with above-average efficiency for special applications.  1, record 11, English, - ultra%20high%2Dperformance%20cell

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

They are distinguished from the segment of standardised photovoltaic cells by their high efficiency and their higher price.  1, record 11, English, - ultra%20high%2Dperformance%20cell

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Photopile offrant un rendement supérieur que l'on destine à des fins particulières.  2, record 11, French, - cellule%20solaire%20de%20tr%C3%A8s%20haut%20rendement

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ces piles se distinguent des photopiles ordinaires par leur rendement élevé et un prix d’achat supérieur.  2, record 11, French, - cellule%20solaire%20de%20tr%C3%A8s%20haut%20rendement

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The network of metallic conductors which collects the electrons that have been activated by sunlight at the surface of a solar cell and discharges them.  1, record 12, English, - solar%20cell%20grid

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The grid should cover as little of the solar cell surface as possible and have only a small electrical resistance in order to keep the output losses low.  1, record 12, English, - solar%20cell%20grid

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réseau de conducteurs métalliques qui capte les électrons activés par la lumière solaire à la surface d’une cellule solaire pour ensuite les décharger.  2, record 12, French, - grille%20de%20photopile

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Normalement, la grille devrait couvrir une faible portion de la surface de la cellule et offrir une faible résistance afin de réduire de façon notable les pertes de rendement.  1, record 12, French, - grille%20de%20photopile

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[...] le couplage de ce dispositif avec des électrodes collectrices ou grilles, en face avant et arrière, permet la connexion de la cellule à un circuit électrique externe. Cette grille métallique doit présenter une résistance de contact petite en comparaison avec les différentes résistances du dispositif (résistances de base et de front).  2, record 12, French, - grille%20de%20photopile

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A high efficiency ... photovoltaic concentrator cell that employs light trapping techniques and point-diffused contacts on the rear surface for current collection.  1, record 13, English, - point%2Dcontact%20cell

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Photopile de haut rendement qui fait appel au piégeage de la lumière et aux contacts ponctuels sur sa face arrière pour capter le courant.  2, record 13, French, - cellule%20solaire%20%C3%A0%20contact%20ponctuel

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The point on the current-voltage (I-V) curve of a module under illumination, where the product of current and voltage is maximum.  1, record 14, English, - maximum%20power%20point

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For a typical silicon cell, this is at about 0.45 volts.  1, record 14, English, - maximum%20power%20point

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Point de la courbe I-V d’une photopile où le produit du courant par la tension est à son maximum.  3, record 14, French, - point%20de%20puissance%20maximale

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le cas d’une cellule de silicium, le point de puissance maximale est de 0,45 volts.  3, record 14, French, - point%20de%20puissance%20maximale

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A ... silicon photo cell which converts more sunlight to electricity from the violet/ultraviolet range of the light spectrum than conventional solar cells.  3, record 15, English, - violet%20cell

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Photopile à grande sensibilité aux courtes longueurs d’onde du spectre solaire.  2, record 15, French, - cellule%20violette

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A solar cell that has a semiconductor layer with an internal p-n barrier layer.  2, record 16, English, - barrier%20layer%20solar%20cell

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Photopile dotée d’une couche semiconductrice et d’une couche limite PN interne.  2, record 16, French, - photopile%20avec%20barri%C3%A8re

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] solar cell ... which absorbs light at two or more wavelengths in two or more materials ...  4, record 17, English, - multicolor%20solar%20cell

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cellule solaire qui absorbe la lumière à deux longueurs d’onde ou davantage dans autant de matériaux.  3, record 17, French, - cellule%20solaire%20multicolore

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A process of growing one or more layers of material on a carefully selected substrate.  3, record 18, English, - epitaxial%20growth

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Usually silicon is grown on a silicon substrate. However, silicon and other semiconductor materials may be grown on a substrate as suitable crystallography, such as sapphire (silicon-on-sapphire). It is a process by which a single crystal of material is deposited and grows upon the surface of a substrate. The material is usually of a different resistivity or conductivity than the substrate.  3, record 18, English, - epitaxial%20growth

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le cas de la croissance épitaxiale, le substrat sert de germe à la croissance mono-cristalline pouvant constituer, à elle seule, la totalité de la partie active de la photopile.  2, record 18, French, - croissance%20%C3%A9pitaxiale

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Terrestrial solar cells have been made commercially of single-crystal silicon because of its excellent electrical properties and well-developed technology and of thin-film CdS/Cu2S because of its low cost per unit area.  1, record 24, English, - terrestrial%20solar%20cell

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Néanmoins, le procédé par oxyde anodique s’avère difficilement industrialisable et celui par dépôt dans une enceinte sous ultra-vide coûteux pour les photopiles terrestres.  1, record 24, French, - photopile%20terrestre

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Bien avant le développement des cellules solaires terrestres, on avait tenté de préparer directement des monocristaux de germanium et de silicium en couches minces à partir d’un bain fondu, afin de supprimer l’usinage des matériaux.  2, record 24, French, - photopile%20terrestre

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A solar cell that is characterized by strong light absorption.  2, record 25, English, - black%20cell

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Photopile à grande absorption lumineuse.  1, record 25, French, - photopile%20noire

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

One of the important parameters, that commonly affect solar cell performances, in the series resistance. Such effect becomes more pronounced when working under higher illumination intensities due to higher generated photocurrents. Therefore,it is necessary to predict series resistance effects under such conditions. To know more about the series resistance effect and its interpretation, InGaP based solar cell performances were investigated, using high solar concentration levels (73.36 X, 201.19 X).  2, record 26, English, - concentration%20solar%20cell

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Photopile dont la concentration de la lumière solaire à la surface de celle-ci est supérieure à celle du spectre solaire.  2, record 26, French, - pile%20solaire%20sous%20concentration

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Then film cells, in which a semiconducting film is deposited on a substrate, include commercial cadmium sulfide cells, which actually have a pn junction between layers of cadmium sulfide and copper sulfide, and cells made of thin films of amorphous semiconductors  3, record 27, English, - cadmium%20sulfide%20solar%20cell

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] on peut choisir une homojonction ou une hétérojonction qui fonctionne à la manière de la cellule solaire au sulfure de cadmium : la couche avant absorbe les photons incidents, génère des porteurs libres collectés par la deuxième couche de type opposé.  1, record 27, French, - pile%20solaire%20au%20sulfure%20de%20cadmium

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le sulfure de cadmium se montre beaucoup plus efficace dans la conversion de l’énergie lumineuse en énergie électrique que le silicium des cellules solaires actuelles.  3, record 27, French, - pile%20solaire%20au%20sulfure%20de%20cadmium

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A solar cell primarily used in space technology applications.  2, record 29, English, - space%20solar%20cell

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pile solaire destinée essentiellement pour des applications de technologies de l’espace.  3, record 29, French, - pile%20solaire%20spatiale

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Basically the power is generated by the body mounted-solar cell. Separated power regulation circuit converts primary bus voltage into suitable voltage demanded by each module. All the power generated by solar cell is used to charge the battery packs except the communication mode, whose mode needs more power to transfer data.  2, record 30, English, - body%2Dmounted%20solar%20cell

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The best efficiency of a bare solar cell as of April 2003 was 16.5%.  2, record 31, English, - bare%20solar%20cell

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As opposed to a "dressed" solar cell.  3, record 31, English, - bare%20solar%20cell

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pile n’ayant subi aucune transformation.  1, record 31, French, - photopile%20brute

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Processus de fabrication des photopiles : production des piles brutes, soudage des connecteurs, stade de finition : pose d’un revêtement protecteur («dressing» en anglais).  1, record 31, French, - photopile%20brute

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ultra-thin solar cell material can be manufactured in space and sent back to Earth to reduce our use of nuclear power and fossil fuels.  2, record 33, English, - ultra%2Dthin%20solar%20cell

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A general name for a device for converting directly the energy from the sun by solar radiation to electricity.  2, record 34, English, - solar%20cell

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Solar cells are of various types: Photovoltaic, thermionic, and thermoelectric.  2, record 34, English, - solar%20cell

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

D'après la définition anglaise citée «solar cell» est utilisée à titre de générique pour désigner trois types de cellules. Dans les sources françaises consultées, nous ne retrouvons pas un tel terme générique. C'est pourquoi nous proposons «pile solaire» et «cellule solaire» à titre d’équivalents. Ces deux termes proviennent de la série synonymique tirée du Grand dictionnaire encyclopédique Larousse(LAROG), 1982, vol. 8, p. 8093, sous la rubrique photopile. Ce sont, par ailleurs, les deux seuls termes de cette série qui, selon nous, pourraient porter la mention «GÉNÉRIQUE».  1, record 34, French, - pile%20solaire

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A device which converts radiant energy directly into electric energy by the photovoltaic process. Each cell produces a small potential difference, typically about 0.5 volts; an array of cells can provide useful electric power capacity.  1, record 35, English, - solar%20cell

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Photovoltaic cells are the most promising of all the cell types and the term solar cell is generally taken to mean this type of cell.  2, record 35, English, - solar%20cell

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositif utilisant l’effet photovoltaïque, qui convertit directement en électricité une partie de l’énergie du rayonnement du Soleil ou d’une autre source lumineuse.  1, record 35, French, - photopile

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les photopiles sont des composants électroniques à semi conducteurs qui, lorsqu’ils sont éclairés par le rayonnement solaire, développent une force électromotrice capable de débiter un courant dans un circuit extérieur.  2, record 35, French, - photopile

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Célula fotovoltaica de silicio utilizada para la transformación directa de la energía solar en eléctrica.  1, record 35, Spanish, - c%C3%A9lula%20solar

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cell barrier established at the interface between a semi-conductor, such as silicon, and a sheet of metal.  3, record 36, English, - Schottky%20barrier%20cell

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

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Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The advantage of the single-crystal silicon solar cell approach is evident. High efficiency, abundant material, theory and technology well understood, and proven reliability are agreed-on advantages.  1, record 39, English, - single%2Dcrystal%20silicon%20solar%20cell

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La réponse spectrale de photoconductivité des cellules photovoltaïques au silicium mono-cristallin commence dans la partie violette du spectre visible [...] et s’étend jusque dans l’infrarouge.  3, record 39, French, - pile%20solaire%20au%20silicium%20monocristallin

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les premières cellules solaires au silicium monocristallin [...] coûtaient [...] 2000$ pour purifier assez de silicium pour générer un watt de puissance.  2, record 39, French, - pile%20solaire%20au%20silicium%20monocristallin

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Amorphous silicon solar cells having the following characteristics will be produced by 1987: (1) stable pin multijunction cells with a 12%-13% air mass (AM)I intrinsic efficiency that is stable to within 10% after 20 years of continuous operation and at least 10 cm x 10 cm in area; (2) an interconnected single-junction cell module of at least 7%-8% AMI efficiency and at least 40 cm x 30 cm in area.  2, record 40, English, - amorphous%20silicon%20solar%20cell

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Usually a-Si solar cells are constructed on flat substrates with smooth mirror-like surfaces, such as stainless steel plate made by electrical and mechanical polishing.  2, record 40, English, - amorphous%20silicon%20solar%20cell

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term "amorphous silicon solar cell" has been taken from "Canadian Solar Energy Review", by J.P. Rollefson (National Research Council of Canada).  3, record 40, English, - amorphous%20silicon%20solar%20cell

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Photopiles au silicium amorphe. En état amorphe, le silicium absorbe le rayonnement solaire jusqu’à 100 fois mieux qu’en état cristallin. En 1976, on a découvert qu’on pouvait doper le silicium amorphe comme le silicium classique et réaliser des photopiles.  1, record 40, French, - photopile%20au%20silicium%20amorphe

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

type of solar cell in which heavy doping at unilluminated back surface causes charge carriers to be repelled, thereby increasing efficiency.  1, record 41, English, - back%2Dsurface%20field%20cell

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Champ électrique dans la zone arrière. Afin de collecter les paires électron-trou créées par les radiations de grandes longueurs d’onde du spectre solaire, on a imaginé de réaliser un champ électrique par transition abrupte de dopage, sur la face arrière de la pile solaire, dans la zone même de contact ohmique. Ce champ électrique arrière s’appelle BSF (Back Surface Field). Les porteurs excédentaires ainsi créés au voisinage de cette zone, au lieu de s’y recombiner, sont repoussés vers la région de charge d’espace de la jonction.  2, record 41, French, - pile%20solaire%20%C3%A0%20champ%20%C3%A9lectrique%20arri%C3%A8re

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Solar cell having electrodes on back instead of front surface to eliminate reflection or absorption of incident light.  1, record 42, English, - interdigitated%2Dback%2Dcontact%20cell

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pile à contact arrière interdigité [...] et jonction tandem [...] Dans ces deux structures, la prise de contact et la jonction sont reportées sur la face arrière de la photopile. Avec la pile IBC on retrouve à peu près tous les avantages de ces jonctions verticales : taux d’ombre nul, résistance série de faible valeur, peu d’effet lors d’une illumination non uniforme. Par contre la face éclairée doit rester une zone à faible recombinaison.  1, record 42, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20contact%20arri%C3%A8re%20interdigit%C3%A9

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A cell can have pn junctions on both the illuminated and most of the unilluminated side (n⁺ pn⁺ structure). Contacts are made to the p-type bulk from the back side through openings in the n⁺ layer. This is called the tandem junction cell.  1, record 43, English, - tandem%20junction%20cell

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pile à contact arrière interdigité(IBC : Interdigitated Back Contact Cell) et jonction tandem [...] Dans ces deux structures, la prise de contact et la jonction sont reportées sur la face arrière de la photopile [...] Dans la jonction tandem, la surface éclairée comporte une jonction réalisée sur une très faible épaisseur qui n’ est en général pas reliée. La structure de cette cellule s’apparente à celle d’un transistor, la face avant N⁺ étant l'émetteur, le volume P la base, et la région arrière N⁺ le collecteur.  1, record 43, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20jonction%20tandem

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Antireflection coatings are applied primarily by evaporation; the process can be continuous if the vacuum system has suitable pumped entrance and exit ports. Other means of coating include spraying, dipping, and spinning-on liquids that dry and are then heated to densify them.  1, record 44, English, - spraying

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Pile solaire-couche antireflet] La technique par rotation [...] s’apparente aux méthodes d’étalement d’une résine photosensible, le composé se répand uniformément sur la surface par rotation du substrat semi-conducteur. Dans la technique par pulvérisation(spray), la source liquide contenant un composé du corps à déposer est vaporisée, puis projetée sur la photopile.  1, record 44, French, - pulv%C3%A9risation

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An electric cell for the direct conversion of sunlight to electric power using crystal gallium arsenide.  1, record 47, English, - gallium%20arsenide%20solar%20cell

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Principaux matériaux pour photopiles. (...) 3- L’arséniure de gallium. Il s’agit du semi-conducteur offrant les meilleures performances : jusqu’à 22% de rendement pour des photopiles à l’arséniure de gallium monocristallin.  3, record 47, French, - photopile%20%C3%A0%20l%27ars%C3%A9niure%20de%20gallium

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(Acta 143).  1, record 48, English, - spin%2Don%20deposition

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(Acta 143) Procédé utilisé entre autre pour le dépôt de couches antireflets permettant d’accroître le rendement de conversion de 35%. Une source liquide contenant un composé organométallique du corps choisi(par exemple le titane) est posée sur une photopile, puis mise sous forme d’une mince pellicule par rotation rapide de la plaque.(Acta electronica, 20, 2, 1977, p. 143).  1, record 48, French, - d%C3%A9p%C3%B4t%20par%20rotation

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(Berlin conf. 34/USA (4.5).  1, record 49, English, - indium%20phosphide%2Fcadmium%20sulphide%20cell

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(Acta, p.102 + BT).  1, record 49, French, - photopile%20au%20phosphure%20d%26rsquo%3Bindium%2Fsulfure%20de%20cadmium

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... it is possible to demonstrate that the intact chloroplasts of the green plant, when light of the proper wavelength is shone on them, do indeed behave as though they were "conduction electrons" developed by incident light. It has been possible to demonstrate a Hall effect in illuminated chloroplasts.  1, record 50, English, - photoelectrochemical%20cell

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish