TERMIUM Plus®
The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.
PROBLEME APPRENTISSAGE [25 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2025-03-24
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- reward sparsity
1, record 1, English, reward%20sparsity
correct, noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Reward sparsity happens when many decision steps do not come with an extrinsic reward, for instance when the reward is provided only at the end of the task. ... This kind of problem poses a challenge to simple reinforcement learning algorithms as many steps won't provide informative gradients. 2, record 1, English, - reward%20sparsity
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- rareté des récompenses
1, record 1, French, raret%C3%A9%20des%20r%C3%A9compenses
correct, feminine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Malgré l'avantage de la planification(implicite ou explicite) pour les environnements hautement combinatoires, il n’ en reste pas moins que la rareté des récompenses demeure un problème pour l'apprentissage par renforcement avec modèle ou l'apprentissage par renforcement sans modèle avec planification implicite. En effet, ces paradigmes sont normalement fondés sur l'exploration aléatoire. Or, dans un contexte de récompenses éparses, l'exploration aléatoire rend difficile l'observation de récompenses positives. Puisque la probabilité d’observer une récompense positive est très faible, il faut un nombre d’interactions beaucoup plus élevé. 1, record 1, French, - raret%C3%A9%20des%20r%C3%A9compenses
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - internal organization data 2024-08-20
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Education Theory and Methods
- Internet and Telematics
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- empirical learning
1, record 2, English, empirical%20learning
correct
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Learning mechanism whereby the system sets up its experiments in cooperation with human teachers. It records the result of learning with assertions that can themselves induce further learning. 2, record 2, English, - empirical%20learning
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
- Internet et télématique
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- apprentissage empirique
1, record 2, French, apprentissage%20empirique
correct, masculine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Dans l'apprentissage empirique, le système acquiert des connaissances de façon locale. Par exemple, s’il est en train de résoudre un problème et qu'une nouvelle règle l'aide à résoudre ce problème, il l'ajoute à sa base de connaissances, pourvu qu'elle ne contredise pas les règles déjà connues de lui. 2, record 2, French, - apprentissage%20empirique
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
- Internet y telemática
- Inteligencia artificial
Record 2, Main entry term, Spanish
- aprendizaje empírico
1, record 2, Spanish, aprendizaje%20emp%C3%ADrico
correct, masculine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 2, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record 3 - internal organization data 2024-05-09
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Software
- School Equipment
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- informational help
1, record 3, English, informational%20help
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Students should be able to get help when using a lesson. This help is of two types: procedural and informational. ... Informational help assists with the content being studied. This includes accessing more detailed descriptions, more examples or sample problems, or explanations worded more simply. While a lesson should always provide procedural help, provision for informational help depends on the nature and difficulty of the lesson. 1, record 3, English, - informational%20help
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Logiciels
- Matériel et équipement scolaires
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- aide pédagogique
1, record 3, French, aide%20p%C3%A9dagogique
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
- assistance pédagogique 2, record 3, French, assistance%20p%C3%A9dagogique
correct, feminine noun
- dépannage pédagogique 3, record 3, French, d%C3%A9pannage%20p%C3%A9dagogique
correct, masculine noun
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
[Ensemble des] indices servant à résoudre un problème ainsi que des fonctions favorisant l'apprentissage, tels un dictionnaire, une calculatrice, une table de conversion, un tableau d’éléments chimiques, un module de conjugaison des verbes, un bloc-notes, etc. 4, record 3, French, - aide%20p%C3%A9dagogique
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L’aide pédagogique se présente aussi sous la forme de conseils ou de textes supplémentaires servant à résoudre un problème ou à faire un exercice, et sous la forme d’indices aidant l’élève à trouver la solution d’un problème. L’aide pédagogique, ce peut être l’énoncé d’une règle de grammaire ou une référence à un guide pédagogique ou à un volume de référence. Tout didacticiel de qualité comprend un fichier d’aide. 4, record 3, French, - aide%20p%C3%A9dagogique
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT
En cas de problèmes pédagogiques, un chapitre de dépannage pédagogique éviterait bien des maux de tête. Celui-ci pourrait contenir une liste des problèmes, à saveur pédagogique, possibles et leurs solutions. Si les solutions sont compliquées, une procédure à suivre aurait l’avantage d’en simplifier la résolution. 3, record 3, French, - aide%20p%C3%A9dagogique
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 CONT
L’élève a-t-il accès à une fonction d’aide pédagogique dans le déroulement du logiciel? 5, record 3, French, - aide%20p%C3%A9dagogique
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 2024-04-30
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- zero-shot learning
1, record 4, English, zero%2Dshot%20learning
correct
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
- ZSL 2, record 4, English, ZSL
correct
Record 4, Synonyms, English
- zero shot learning 3, record 4, English, zero%20shot%20learning
correct
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Unlike traditional machine learning methods that require examples from each class or category they're expected to handle, zero-shot learning enables the model to generalize from its training and make inferences about new, unseen categories. This is achieved by training the model to understand and relate abstract concepts or attributes that can be applied broadly. For instance, a model trained in zero-shot learning could categorize animals it has never seen before based on learned attributes like size, habitat, or diet. It infers knowledge about these new categories by relying on its understanding of the relationships and similarities between different concepts. 4, record 4, English, - zero%2Dshot%20learning
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- apprentissage sans exemple
1, record 4, French, apprentissage%20sans%20exemple
correct, masculine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
- apprentissage avec zéro exemple 2, record 4, French, apprentissage%20avec%20z%C3%A9ro%20exemple
correct, masculine noun
- apprentissage à zéro exemple 2, record 4, French, apprentissage%20%C3%A0%20z%C3%A9ro%20exemple
masculine noun
- apprentissage zéro exemple 2, record 4, French, apprentissage%20z%C3%A9ro%20exemple
masculine noun
- apprentissage zéro coup 3, record 4, French, apprentissage%20z%C3%A9ro%20coup
masculine noun
- apprentissage zéro-coup 2, record 4, French, apprentissage%20z%C3%A9ro%2Dcoup
masculine noun
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
[M] odèle d’apprentissage prêt à l'emploi qui peut accomplir une tâche sans avoir à être entraîné sur des exemples spécifiques au problème à résoudre. 2, record 4, French, - apprentissage%20sans%20exemple
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record 5 - internal organization data 2023-07-28
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- bias-variance tradeoff
1, record 5, English, bias%2Dvariance%20tradeoff
correct
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
- bias-variance trade-off 2, record 5, English, bias%2Dvariance%20trade%2Doff
correct
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The bias-variance tradeoff is a fundamental problem in machine learning and statistics. It is the problem of finding a model that accurately predicts the target function while also minimizing the number of errors. The tradeoff is between the model's ability to fit the data (bias) and the model's ability to generalize to new data (variance). 3, record 5, English, - bias%2Dvariance%20tradeoff
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- compromis biais-variance
1, record 5, French, compromis%20biais%2Dvariance
correct, masculine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Problème qui consiste à minimiser simultanément la variance et le biais qui empêchent les algorithmes d’apprentissage supervisé de généraliser au-delà de leur échantillon d’apprentissage. 1, record 5, French, - compromis%20biais%2Dvariance
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record 6 - internal organization data 2014-03-24
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Education Theory and Methods
- Internet and Telematics
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- didactic resource
1, record 6, English, didactic%20resource
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
- pedagogical resource 2, record 6, English, pedagogical%20resource
correct
- educational resource 3, record 6, English, educational%20resource
correct
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
To realize this, different didactic resources are incorporated in the study materials, such as learning objectives, questions, assignment, practical examples, assessment tests, illustrations, feedback assignments. 4, record 6, English, - didactic%20resource
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
- Internet et télématique
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- ressource didactique
1, record 6, French, ressource%20didactique
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
- ressource pédagogique 2, record 6, French, ressource%20p%C3%A9dagogique
correct, feminine noun
- ressource éducative 2, record 6, French, ressource%20%C3%A9ducative
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Une ressource didactique est un moyen tactique(exercice, problème, test, simulation, démonstration, document...), utilisé [...] pour supporter l'apprentissage [...] 3, record 6, French, - ressource%20didactique
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
- Internet y telemática
Record 6, Main entry term, Spanish
- recurso pedagógico
1, record 6, Spanish, recurso%20pedag%C3%B3gico
correct, masculine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 6, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record 7 - internal organization data 2012-06-26
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- weight decay algorithm
1, record 7, English, weight%20decay%20algorithm
correct
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
With "weight decay" - each weight continually decays towards zero by an amount proportional to its magnitude. When the learning has equilibrated, the magnitude of a weight is equal to its error derivative because this error derivative balances the weight decay. 1, record 7, English, - weight%20decay%20algorithm
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- algorithme du palimpseste
1, record 7, French, algorithme%20du%20palimpseste
correct, masculine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
- algorithme d’oubli progressif 2, record 7, French, algorithme%20d%26rsquo%3Boubli%20progressif
correct, masculine noun
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Oubli catastrophique. Ce problème a été étudié en détail, et un modèle d’apprentissage permettant de réaliser des palimpsestes(mémoires à oubli progressif) a été proposé. 2, record 7, French, - algorithme%20du%20palimpseste
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
On peut donner à l’influence de chaque motif présenté une part ;croissante dans la détermination de la matrice de connexion. C’est l’algorithme du palimpseste. 1, record 7, French, - algorithme%20du%20palimpseste
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record 8 - internal organization data 2012-06-01
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Education Theory and Methods
- Human Behaviour
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- connectionist
1, record 8, English, connectionist
correct, adjective
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Connectionist theories ... use as their intervening variables connections between stimuli and responses. 1, record 8, English, - connectionist
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
- Comportement humain
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- connexionniste
1, record 8, French, connexionniste
adjective
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Se dit d’un enseignement qui renforce une connexion entre une stimulation et une réponse. 1, record 8, French, - connexionniste
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
En d’autres termes, pour reprendre un des débats de la psychologie scientifique des années trente à cinquante [...] qui n’ est pas étranger au problème posé ici, une théorie de l'apprentissage doit être, non pas connexionniste(faire apprendre, c'est renforcer un lien, une connexion, entre un stimulus et une réponse théories S-R) mais cognitiviste(faire apprendre, c'est inviter à organiser un système cohérent d’opérations mentales liant entre-eux des signaux perçus : théories S-S). 1, record 8, French, - connexionniste
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record 9 - external organization data 2011-06-22
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Compartment - ISO/IEC JTC 1 Information Technology Vocabulary
Universal entry(ies) Record 9
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- case-based learning
1, record 9, English, case%2Dbased%20learning
correct, standardized
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
Record 9, Synonyms, English
Record 9, Textual support, English
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF
learning strategy that consists in comparing the problem at hand with a set of previously solved problems and using their solutions to develop a solution to the problem at hand 1, record 9, English, - case%2Dbased%20learning
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS
After successful verification, the solution developed through case-based learning and its corresponding problem are added to the case base. 1, record 9, English, - case%2Dbased%20learning
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS
case-based learning: term and definition standardized by ISO/IEC [ISO/IEC 2382-31:1997]. 2, record 9, English, - case%2Dbased%20learning
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Tiroir - ISO/CEI JTC 1 Vocabulaire des technologies de l'information
Entrée(s) universelle(s) Record 9
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- apprentissage par cas
1, record 9, French, apprentissage%20par%20cas
correct, masculine noun, standardized
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
Record 9, Synonyms, French
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF
stratégie d’apprentissage qui procède en comparant le problème à traiter avec un ensemble de problèmes résolus antérieurement et en utilisant leurs solutions pour obtenir une solution au problème en question 1, record 9, French, - apprentissage%20par%20cas
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Après vérification réussie, la solution obtenue et le problème correspondant sont ajoutés à la base des cas. 1, record 9, French, - apprentissage%20par%20cas
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS
apprentissage par cas : terme et définition normalisés par l’ISO/CEI [ISO/IEC 2382-31:1997]. 2, record 9, French, - apprentissage%20par%20cas
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
Record 10 - external organization data 2006-02-01
Record 10, English
Record 10, Subject field(s)
- Compartment - ISO/IEC JTC 1 Information Technology Vocabulary
Universal entry(ies) Record 10
Record 10, Main entry term, English
- learning from solution paths
1, record 10, English, learning%20from%20solution%20paths
correct, standardized
Record 10, Abbreviations, English
Record 10, Synonyms, English
Record 10, Textual support, English
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF
reinforcement learning that relies on waiting until a complete solution path for a problem has been found, marking every move along the solution path as a positive example, and marking every move leading directly off the solution path as a negative example 1, record 10, English, - learning%20from%20solution%20paths
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS
learning from solution paths: term and definition standardized by ISO/IEC [ISO/IEC 2382-31:1997]. 2, record 10, English, - learning%20from%20solution%20paths
Record 10, French
Record 10, Domaine(s)
- Tiroir - ISO/CEI JTC 1 Vocabulaire des technologies de l'information
Entrée(s) universelle(s) Record 10
Record 10, Main entry term, French
- apprentissage par voies de résolution
1, record 10, French, apprentissage%20par%20voies%20de%20r%C3%A9solution
correct, masculine noun, standardized
Record 10, Abbreviations, French
Record 10, Synonyms, French
Record 10, Textual support, French
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF
apprentissage par renforcement qui commence une fois établi le cheminement menant à la solution d’un problème, et qui s’effectue en marquant tout déplacement conforme à ce cheminement comme exemple positif, et tout écart par rapport à ce cheminement comme exemple négatif 1, record 10, French, - apprentissage%20par%20voies%20de%20r%C3%A9solution
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS
apprentissage par voies de résolution : terme et définition normalisés par l’ISO/CEI [ISO/IEC 2382-31:1997]. 2, record 10, French, - apprentissage%20par%20voies%20de%20r%C3%A9solution
Record 10, Spanish
Record 10, Textual support, Spanish
Record 11 - external organization data 2006-02-01
Record 11, English
Record 11, Subject field(s)
- Compartment - ISO/IEC JTC 1 Information Technology Vocabulary
Universal entry(ies) Record 11
Record 11, Main entry term, English
- learning by analogy
1, record 11, English, learning%20by%20analogy
correct, standardized
Record 11, Abbreviations, English
Record 11, Synonyms, English
- associative learning 1, record 11, English, associative%20learning
correct, standardized
Record 11, Textual support, English
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
learning strategy that combines inductive learning and deductive learning so that inductions determine the common characteristics of concepts being compared or associated, and deductions derive from these characteristics the features expected of the concept being learned 1, record 11, English, - learning%20by%20analogy
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Learning by analogy requires the ability to recognize the similarity between two problems and to use rules developed in one problem space in order to solve a problem in another problem space. 1, record 11, English, - learning%20by%20analogy
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS
learning by analogy; associative learning: terms and definition standardized by ISO/IEC [ISO/IEC 2382-31:1997]. 2, record 11, English, - learning%20by%20analogy
Record 11, French
Record 11, Domaine(s)
- Tiroir - ISO/CEI JTC 1 Vocabulaire des technologies de l'information
Entrée(s) universelle(s) Record 11
Record 11, Main entry term, French
- apprentissage par analogie
1, record 11, French, apprentissage%20par%20analogie
correct, masculine noun, standardized
Record 11, Abbreviations, French
Record 11, Synonyms, French
- apprentissage associatif 1, record 11, French, apprentissage%20associatif
correct, masculine noun, standardized
Record 11, Textual support, French
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
stratégie d’apprentissage, à la fois inductive et déductive, qui fait appel à l’induction pour déterminer les caractéristiques communes des concepts comparés ou associés, et à la déduction pour dériver de ces caractéristiques les traits distinctifs d’un concept à apprendre 1, record 11, French, - apprentissage%20par%20analogie
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS
L'apprentissage par analogie requiert l'aptitude à reconnaître la similitude entre deux problèmes et à appliquer les règles élaborées pour un espace de problème à un autre espace de problème. 1, record 11, French, - apprentissage%20par%20analogie
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS
apprentissage par analogie; apprentissage associatif : termes et définition normalisés par l’ISO/CEI [ISO/IEC 2382-31:1997]. 2, record 11, French, - apprentissage%20par%20analogie
Record 11, Spanish
Record 11, Textual support, Spanish
Record 12 - internal organization data 2004-07-07
Record 12, English
Record 12, Subject field(s)
- Training of Personnel
- Internet and Telematics
- Education Theory and Methods
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 12, Main entry term, English
- learning by doing
1, record 12, English, learning%20by%20doing
correct
Record 12, Abbreviations, English
Record 12, Synonyms, English
- learning by action 2, record 12, English, learning%20by%20action
correct
- learning while doing 3, record 12, English, learning%20while%20doing
correct
- task-oriented learning 4, record 12, English, task%2Doriented%20learning
correct
Record 12, Textual support, English
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Learning by experimentation includes learning by doing and learning by problem solving. 5, record 12, English, - learning%20by%20doing
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Techniques for learning while doing include schemes for nothing loops and unnecessarily longpaths, descends, and failure to progress toward the goal. See "learning from solution paths" and "learning by experimentation". 3, record 12, English, - learning%20by%20doing
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Contrast "learning from mistakes". 4, record 12, English, - learning%20by%20doing
Record 12, French
Record 12, Domaine(s)
- Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
- Internet et télématique
- Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 12, Main entry term, French
- apprentissage par la pratique
1, record 12, French, apprentissage%20par%20la%20pratique
correct, masculine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, French
Record 12, Synonyms, French
- apprentissage par l’action 2, record 12, French, apprentissage%20par%20l%26rsquo%3Baction
correct, masculine noun
- apprentissage par action 3, record 12, French, apprentissage%20par%20action
correct, masculine noun
- apprentissage centré sur l’accomplissement des tâches 4, record 12, French, apprentissage%20centr%C3%A9%20sur%20l%26rsquo%3Baccomplissement%20des%20t%C3%A2ches
correct, masculine noun
Record 12, Textual support, French
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Une forme d’apprentissage incrémental en situation de résolution de problèmes. 5, record 12, French, - apprentissage%20par%20la%20pratique
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'apprentissage par l'action est caractérisé par le fait que le sujet acquiert des connaissances dans une situation où il doit : 1) soit résoudre une suite de problèmes appartenant à un même domaine; 2) soit effectuer une suite d’essais pour trouver une solution optimale à un problème donné. 6, record 12, French, - apprentissage%20par%20la%20pratique
Record 12, Spanish
Record 12, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Capacitación del personal
- Internet y telemática
- Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
- Inteligencia artificial
Record 12, Main entry term, Spanish
- aprendizaje por ensayo y error
1, record 12, Spanish, aprendizaje%20por%20ensayo%20y%20error
correct, masculine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 12, Synonyms, Spanish
- aprendizaje a partir de los errores 2, record 12, Spanish, aprendizaje%20a%20partir%20de%20los%20errores
correct, masculine noun
- aprendizaje por la práctica 3, record 12, Spanish, aprendizaje%20por%20la%20pr%C3%A1ctica
correct, masculine noun
Record 12, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Forma [de aprendizaje basado en] descubrir la mejor manera de alcanzar el resultado deseado o unas soluciones correctas, probando uno o más modos o medios, observando y eliminando los errores o causas de fracaso. 1, record 12, Spanish, - aprendizaje%20por%20ensayo%20y%20error
Record 13 - internal organization data 2004-07-07
Record 13, English
Record 13, Subject field(s)
- Education Theory and Methods
- Training of Personnel
Record 13, Main entry term, English
- collaborative learning
1, record 13, English, collaborative%20learning
correct
Record 13, Abbreviations, English
Record 13, Synonyms, English
- co-operative learning 2, record 13, English, co%2Doperative%20learning
correct
- cooperative learning 3, record 13, English, cooperative%20learning
correct
- group learning 4, record 13, English, group%20learning
correct
Record 13, Textual support, English
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Changes in behavio(u)r resulting wholly or in part from shared experiences of two or more persons. 3, record 13, English, - collaborative%20learning
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Collaborative learning, also known as group learning, is an area that has received a lot of attention from educational researchers. Over a number of years, studies with school-age children and undergraduates have shown that working together is usually beneficial. 4, record 13, English, - collaborative%20learning
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Of course, "collaborative learning" is very much in vogue in modern classrooms and we may simply have triggered a positive reaction. ... students learn more productively by discussing problems with peers than by being tutored by "experts" ... 5, record 13, English, - collaborative%20learning
Record 13, French
Record 13, Domaine(s)
- Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
- Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
Record 13, Main entry term, French
- apprentissage coopératif
1, record 13, French, apprentissage%20coop%C3%A9ratif
correct, masculine noun
Record 13, Abbreviations, French
Record 13, Synonyms, French
- apprentissage collaboratif 2, record 13, French, apprentissage%20collaboratif
correct, masculine noun
- apprentissage mutualisé 3, record 13, French, apprentissage%20mutualis%C3%A9
correct, masculine noun
Record 13, Textual support, French
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Méthode interactive au cours de laquelle les élèves en petits groupes hétérogènes travaillent ensemble pour atteindre un but commun. C’est une méthode qui encourage des relations interpersonnelles plus positives et l’entraide dans l’apprentissage des élèves. 4, record 13, French, - apprentissage%20coop%C3%A9ratif
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'apprentissage collaboratif est depuis longtemps, et aujourd’hui plus encore avec le développement des réseaux informatiques, un objet d’expérimentations pédagogiques. Rappelons qu'un travail est jugé collaboratif s’il implique un engagement mutuel des participants dans un effort coordonné pour résoudre ensemble un problème. 5, record 13, French, - apprentissage%20coop%C3%A9ratif
Record 13, Spanish
Record 13, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
- Capacitación del personal
Record 13, Main entry term, Spanish
- aprendizaje cooperativo
1, record 13, Spanish, aprendizaje%20cooperativo
correct, masculine noun
Record 13, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 13, Synonyms, Spanish
- aprendizaje colaborativo 2, record 13, Spanish, aprendizaje%20colaborativo
correct, masculine noun
Record 13, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF
[...] conjunto de procedimientos de enseñanza que, a través de la organización de grupos o equipos de trabajo mixtos y heterogéneos, propone que los alumnos estudien y trabajen coordinadamente para resolver las tareas académicas y también para profundizar en el propio aprendizaje. 1, record 13, Spanish, - aprendizaje%20cooperativo
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT
El aprendizaje colaborativo es, ante todo, un sistema de interacciones cuidadosamente diseñado que organiza e induce la influencia recíproca entre los integrantes de un equipo. 2, record 13, Spanish, - aprendizaje%20cooperativo
Record 14 - internal organization data 2004-02-05
Record 14, English
Record 14, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
- Training of Personnel
- Education Theory and Methods
- Internet and Telematics
Record 14, Main entry term, English
- learning by problem solving
1, record 14, English, learning%20by%20problem%20solving
correct
Record 14, Abbreviations, English
Record 14, Synonyms, English
- learning from solution paths 2, record 14, English, learning%20from%20solution%20paths
correct
- learning by problem-solving 3, record 14, English, learning%20by%20problem%2Dsolving
correct
Record 14, Textual support, English
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A credit-assignment learning method, that encounters difficulty in domains involving very long solution paths and extensive problem spaces. See also "learning while doing" and "learning by experimentation. 4, record 14, English, - learning%20by%20problem%20solving
Record 14, French
Record 14, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
- Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
- Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
- Internet et télématique
Record 14, Main entry term, French
- apprentissage par résolution de problèmes
1, record 14, French, apprentissage%20par%20r%C3%A9solution%20de%20probl%C3%A8mes
correct, masculine noun
Record 14, Abbreviations, French
Record 14, Synonyms, French
- apprentissage par voies de résolution 2, record 14, French, apprentissage%20par%20voies%20de%20r%C3%A9solution
correct, masculine noun
Record 14, Textual support, French
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Apprentissage par renforcement qui commence une fois établies les étapes menant à la solution d’un problème, et qui s’effectue en indiquant tout déplacement conforme au cheminement prescrit en tant qu'exemple positif, et tout écart par rapport au cheminement prescrit en tant qu'exemple négatif. 1, record 14, French, - apprentissage%20par%20r%C3%A9solution%20de%20probl%C3%A8mes
Record 14, Spanish
Record 14, Textual support, Spanish
Record 15 - internal organization data 2000-07-26
Record 15, English
Record 15, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
- Philosophy (General)
Record 15, Main entry term, English
- reify
1, record 15, English, reify
correct, verb
Record 15, Abbreviations, English
Record 15, Synonyms, English
Record 15, Textual support, English
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF
To transform implicit or unobservable phenomena into objects that can be visualized and studied (Brown 1983, Collins and Brown 1987). This process is useful to the student in problem-solving because it makes processes inspectable. It is also useful for simulations of phenomena and demonstration of expertise. 2, record 15, English, - reify
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT
... the use of the turtle is not limited to such simple geometrical concepts, and its power to "reify" concepts has been exploited to give students a personal experience of very advanced mathematical concepts ... 2, record 15, English, - reify
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Graphic simulations can reify aspects of external processes that are not immediately inspectable, thus helping the student to construct valid interpretations and robust mental models. 2, record 15, English, - reify
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 3 CONT
An error library reifies the errors ... by making a decision as to what is a primitive error and what is a compound error. 3, record 15, English, - reify
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS
According to J. Piaget. 4, record 15, English, - reify
Record 15, French
Record 15, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
- Philosophie (Généralités)
Record 15, Main entry term, French
- réifier
1, record 15, French, r%C3%A9ifier
correct
Record 15, Abbreviations, French
Record 15, Synonyms, French
- chosifier 2, record 15, French, chosifier
correct
Record 15, Textual support, French
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Transformer en chose; donner un caractère de chose. 3, record 15, French, - r%C3%A9ifier
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'expert identifie et manipule des objets qui ont une réalité physique et une localisation dans le monde de référence. Dans le processus d’apprentissage, les attributs les plus physiques des objets sont d’ailleurs utilisés les premiers pour les identifier [...] Cette réalité physique est éventuellement fictive : l'expert «chosifie» le réel : ainsi Michalski, confronté à un problème de classification automatique de cellules cancéreuses et non cancéreuses [...], définit les composants qu'il discerne dans l'environnement d’une cellule par analogie avec des choses déjà connues(«bateaux», «ressorts»), et les décrit en leur associant une série d’attributs chosifiants(«queue»). 2, record 15, French, - r%C3%A9ifier
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Voir aussi «réification». 4, record 15, French, - r%C3%A9ifier
Record 15, Spanish
Record 15, Textual support, Spanish
Record 16 - internal organization data 1999-06-09
Record 16, English
Record 16, Subject field(s)
- Education Theory and Methods
- Group Dynamics
Record 16, Main entry term, English
- attribute listing
1, record 16, English, attribute%20listing
correct
Record 16, Abbreviations, English
Record 16, Synonyms, English
Record 16, Textual support, English
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Attribute listing is a great technique for ensuring all possible aspects of a problem have been examined. Attribute listing is breaking the problem down into smaller and smaller bits and seeing what you discover when you do. 1, record 16, English, - attribute%20listing
Record 16, French
Record 16, Domaine(s)
- Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
- Dynamique des groupes
Record 16, Main entry term, French
- concassage
1, record 16, French, concassage
correct, masculine noun
Record 16, Abbreviations, French
Record 16, Synonyms, French
Record 16, Textual support, French
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Pour aider les participants à sortir franchement des sentiers battus, on peut les inciter à suivre un certain nombre de "pistes de recherche" assez inhabituelles: c’est ce qu’on appelle le concassage. Concasser un problème, c’est l’envisager successivement sous des angles insolites qui permettent à l’imagination de se laisser aller dans des voies qu’elle n’emprunte pas ordinairement, voies sur lesquelles elle risque de trouver des idées originales qu’elle aurait des difficultés à avoir par le simple jeté d’idées du brainstorming. 1, record 16, French, - concassage
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Le concassage en forçant les participants à envisager le problème étudié sous des angles nouveaux constitue, sans un long apprentissage préalable, un excellent moyen pour éviter les idées routinières. 1, record 16, French, - concassage
Record 16, Spanish
Record 16, Textual support, Spanish
Record 17 - internal organization data 1997-03-17
Record 17, English
Record 17, Subject field(s)
- Federal Government Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
- Training of Personnel
Record 17, Main entry term, English
- Radian Learning & Communications Network
1, record 17, English, Radian%20Learning%20%26%20Communications%20Network
correct, Canada
Record 17, Abbreviations, English
Record 17, Synonyms, English
Record 17, Textual support, English
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The federal government has instituted distance learning under the Radian Learning & Communications Network, a business unit of the Canadian Centre for Management Development. Radian designs learning and communications services for federal departments and agencies across Canada, often using technology-enhanced solutions to problems of distance, time and travel. 1, record 17, English, - Radian%20Learning%20%26%20Communications%20Network
Record 17, French
Record 17, Domaine(s)
- Organismes et comités fédéraux (Gouvernement canadien)
- Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
Record 17, Main entry term, French
- Réseau d’apprentissage et de communication Radian
1, record 17, French, R%C3%A9seau%20d%26rsquo%3Bapprentissage%20et%20de%20communication%20Radian
correct, masculine noun, Canada
Record 17, Abbreviations, French
Record 17, Synonyms, French
Record 17, Textual support, French
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Le gouvernement fédéral a institué le télé-apprentissage sous le Réseau d’apprentissage et de communication Radian, une unité opérationnelle du Centre canadien de gestion. Radian conçoit des services d’apprentissage et de communications à l'intention des ministères et des agences partout au Canada, en utilisant souvent des solutions de technologie améliorée pour palier au problème de distance, de temps et de déplacement. 1, record 17, French, - R%C3%A9seau%20d%26rsquo%3Bapprentissage%20et%20de%20communication%20Radian
Record 17, Key term(s)
- Réseau de formation et de communication Radian
Record 17, Spanish
Record 17, Textual support, Spanish
Record 18 - internal organization data 1996-03-29
Record 18, English
Record 18, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 18, Main entry term, English
- weight-decay memory
1, record 18, English, weight%2Ddecay%20memory
correct
Record 18, Abbreviations, English
Record 18, Synonyms, English
- decaying-weight memory 2, record 18, English, decaying%2Dweight%20memory
proposal
- palimpsest 3, record 18, English, palimpsest
Record 18, Textual support, English
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Memory in which each weight continually decays towards zero by an amount proportional to its magnitude. [ISO/IEC 2nd WD 2382-34: 1994 (E/F)]. 3, record 18, English, - weight%2Ddecay%20memory
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS
When the learning has stabilized, the magnitude of a weight is equal to its error derivative because this error derivative balances the weight decay. [ISO/IEC 2nd WD 2382-34: 1994 (E/F)]. 3, record 18, English, - weight%2Ddecay%20memory
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS
With "weight decay" - each weight continually decays towards zero by an amount proportional to its magnitude. When the learning has equilibrated, the magnitude of a weight is equal to its error derivative because this error derivative balances the weight decay. 1, record 18, English, - weight%2Ddecay%20memory
Record 18, French
Record 18, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 18, Main entry term, French
- mémoire palimpseste
1, record 18, French, m%C3%A9moire%20palimpseste
correct, feminine noun
Record 18, Abbreviations, French
Record 18, Synonyms, French
- palimpseste 1, record 18, French, palimpseste
correct, masculine noun
- mémoire à oubli progressif 2, record 18, French, m%C3%A9moire%20%C3%A0%20oubli%20progressif
correct, feminine noun
Record 18, Textual support, French
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Oubli catastrophique. Ce problème a été étudié en détail, et un modèle d’apprentissage permettant de réaliser des palimpsestes(mémoires à oubli progressif) a été proposé. 2, record 18, French, - m%C3%A9moire%20palimpseste
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Le nom palimpseste provient des parchemins du Moyen Âge sur lesquels on effaçait les motifs déjà appris pour écrire de nouveaux motifs. 3, record 18, French, - m%C3%A9moire%20palimpseste
Record 18, Spanish
Record 18, Textual support, Spanish
Record 19 - internal organization data 1996-01-04
Record 19, English
Record 19, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 19, Main entry term, English
- positive example
1, record 19, English, positive%20example
correct
Record 19, Abbreviations, English
Record 19, Synonyms, English
- positive exemplar 1, record 19, English, positive%20exemplar
correct
- positive instance 2, record 19, English, positive%20instance
correct
Record 19, Textual support, English
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF
In learning from examples, an example or instance of a concept to be learned. 1, record 19, English, - positive%20example
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Also, a correct instance of a concept that may result in generalization. 2, record 19, English, - positive%20example
Record 19, French
Record 19, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 19, Main entry term, French
- exemple positif
1, record 19, French, exemple%20positif
correct, masculine noun
Record 19, Abbreviations, French
Record 19, Synonyms, French
- instance positive 2, record 19, French, instance%20positive
correct, feminine noun
Record 19, Textual support, French
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT
On parlera souvent d’instance positive ou négative plutôt que d’exemple et contre-exemple. 3, record 19, French, - exemple%20positif
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS
À la différence de la langue habituelle, en IA on remarque qu'attribuer à une partie des connaissances le statut particulier d’exemple d’un concept ou d’un comportement est en soi une sorte de connaissance. Les «exemples» ne sont donc pas simplement une illustration de concepts plus abstraits, mais aussi une connaissance particulière relative à ces concepts. Les systèmes d’apprentissage qui engendrent eux-mêmes des exemples sont d’ailleurs extrêmement rares car ce problème est très difficile à résoudre. 4, record 19, French, - exemple%20positif
Record 19, Spanish
Record 19, Textual support, Spanish
Record 20 - internal organization data 1992-10-18
Record 20, English
Record 20, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 20, Main entry term, English
- understanding system
1, record 20, English, understanding%20system
correct
Record 20, Abbreviations, English
Record 20, Synonyms, English
- comprehension system 2, record 20, English, comprehension%20system
Record 20, Textual support, English
Record 20, French
Record 20, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 20, Main entry term, French
- système de compréhension
1, record 20, French, syst%C3%A8me%20de%20compr%C3%A9hension
correct, masculine noun
Record 20, Abbreviations, French
Record 20, Synonyms, French
- système de compréhension automatique 2, record 20, French, syst%C3%A8me%20de%20compr%C3%A9hension%20automatique
correct
Record 20, Textual support, French
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Une notion fondamentale est celle de systèmes de compréhension, problème majeur en intelligence artificielle dans lequel on retrouve les questions clés de raisonnement approximatif, temporel, spatial, d’apprentissage, de représentation de connaissances multiples et multiformes, etc. 1, record 20, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20compr%C3%A9hension
Record 20, Spanish
Record 20, Textual support, Spanish
Record 21 - internal organization data 1992-10-17
Record 21, English
Record 21, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 21, Main entry term, English
- unclamped mode
1, record 21, English, unclamped%20mode
correct
Record 21, Abbreviations, English
Record 21, Synonyms, English
- free-running mode 1, record 21, English, free%2Drunning%20mode
correct
Record 21, Textual support, English
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Learning in Boltzmann Machines. ... With none of the visible units clamped, ... this distribution represents a free-running (unclamped) system in equilibrium at some temperature.... 1, record 21, English, - unclamped%20mode
Record 21, French
Record 21, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 21, Main entry term, French
- mode libre
1, record 21, French, mode%20libre
correct, masculine noun
Record 21, Abbreviations, French
Record 21, Synonyms, French
Record 21, Textual support, French
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Si nous considérons(...) le mode de fonctionnement libre original du réseau(neuronal), c'est-à-dire le mode de fonctionnement où aucune unité n’ est forcée au départ, nous en déduisons la nouvelle formulation du problème de l'apprentissage dans une machine de Boltzmann : il s’agit d’égaler les distributions de probabilités des états globaux du réseau observées en mode libre et en mode forcé. 1, record 21, French, - mode%20libre
Record 21, Spanish
Record 21, Textual support, Spanish
Record 22 - internal organization data 1990-12-10
Record 22, English
Record 22, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 22, Main entry term, English
- learning problem
1, record 22, English, learning%20problem
correct
Record 22, Abbreviations, English
Record 22, Synonyms, English
Record 22, Textual support, English
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A member of a class of problems of interest in a machine learning environment. 1, record 22, English, - learning%20problem
Record 22, French
Record 22, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 22, Main entry term, French
- problème d'apprentissage
1, record 22, French, probl%C3%A8me%20d%27apprentissage
correct, masculine noun
Record 22, Abbreviations, French
Record 22, Synonyms, French
Record 22, Textual support, French
Record 22, Spanish
Record 22, Textual support, Spanish
Record 23 - internal organization data 1989-01-20
Record 23, English
Record 23, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 23, Main entry term, English
- concept learning problem
1, record 23, English, concept%20learning%20problem
correct
Record 23, Abbreviations, English
Record 23, Synonyms, English
Record 23, Textual support, English
Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The task of developing a classifying rule from several examples of proper memberships in the investigated class. 1, record 23, English, - concept%20learning%20problem
Record 23, French
Record 23, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 23, Main entry term, French
- problème d’apprentissage de concepts
1, record 23, French, probl%C3%A8me%20d%26rsquo%3Bapprentissage%20de%20concepts
correct, masculine noun
Record 23, Abbreviations, French
Record 23, Synonyms, French
Record 23, Textual support, French
Record 23, Spanish
Record 23, Textual support, Spanish
Record 24 - internal organization data 1986-05-05
Record 24, English
Record 24, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
- Psychology
Record 24, Main entry term, English
- selective omission
1, record 24, English, selective%20omission
proposal
Record 24, Abbreviations, English
Record 24, Synonyms, English
Record 24, Textual support, English
Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS
omission: the act of omitting whether by learning out or by abstention from inserting or by failure to include or perform. 2, record 24, English, - selective%20omission
Record 24, French
Record 24, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
- Psychologie
Record 24, Main entry term, French
- omission sélective
1, record 24, French, omission%20s%C3%A9lective
correct, feminine noun
Record 24, Abbreviations, French
Record 24, Synonyms, French
Record 24, Textual support, French
Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La faculté d’apprentissage est liée à la capacité de généralisation, de découverte d’analogies et de faculté d’omission sélective.(...) En ce qui concerne le troisième facteur(omission sélective), le problème est extrêmement subtil; l'ordinateur est en effet fréquemment apprécié pour sa supériorité sur l'homme, celle de ne rien oublier. 1, record 24, French, - omission%20s%C3%A9lective
Record 24, Spanish
Record 24, Textual support, Spanish
Record 25 - internal organization data 1986-04-10
Record 25, English
Record 25, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 25, Main entry term, English
- knowledge reorganization 1, record 25, English, knowledge%20reorganization
Record 25, Abbreviations, English
Record 25, Synonyms, English
Record 25, Textual support, English
Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Some issues in machine learning are the nature of most appropriate knowledge representation, the problem of knowledge reorganization as new knowledge forces change existing concepts (Schank, 1982a), inductive inference, and the role of heuristics in discovery (Michaloki et al. 1983). 1, record 25, English, - knowledge%20reorganization
Record 25, Key term(s)
- knowledge reorganisation
Record 25, French
Record 25, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 25, Main entry term, French
- réorganisation des connaissances
1, record 25, French, r%C3%A9organisation%20des%20connaissances
feminine noun
Record 25, Abbreviations, French
Record 25, Synonyms, French
Record 25, Textual support, French
Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Parmi les questions reliées à l'apprentissage de la machine, mentionnons la nature de la représentation des connaissances qui soit la plus pertinente, le problème de la réorganisation des connaissances alors que de nouvelles forces cognitives modifient les concepts existants(Schank, 1982a), l'inférence inductive et le rôle des heuristiques dans la découverte(Michalski et autres, 1983). 1, record 25, French, - r%C3%A9organisation%20des%20connaissances
Record 25, Spanish
Record 25, Textual support, Spanish
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