TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Complete Fabric Retaining Walls. A fabric retaining wall consists of horizontal layers of fabric-containing earth fill with one side of the fabric folded back around the exposed edge and lapped over the next layer to form the wall face ... . At the face of the wall the fabric retains the soil from spilling out, while in the interior of the fill fabric tensile stress is developed, which stabilizes the mass.  1, record 1, English, - complete%20fabric%20retaining%20wall

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Fabric Earth dams. While this application is similar in concept and construction method to fabric retaining walls, the hydrostatic pressure of the retained water and the potential scour problem make the application somewhat unique. Kern describes an application of this type in France where a fabric wall with a vertical downstream face was constructed ... the upstream slope is 2:1. The fabric used was a woven polyester filled with a loam soil.  1, record 1, English, - complete%20fabric%20retaining%20wall

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Soutènements. Talus renforcés [...] Mise en œuvre du matériau d'apport : le matériau d'apport doit être mis en œuvre par couches, d'épaisseur adaptée à l'entraxe des nappes géotextiles [...] Chaque couche devra être soigneusement compactée afin de limiter au minimum les déformations du massif. L'exécution classique d'un talus renforcé par des géotextiles exige l'utilisation d'un coffrage mobile que l'on déplace au fur et à mesure de d'édification de l'ouvrage.  2, record 1, French, - mur%20de%20sout%C3%A8nement%20renforc%C3%A9%20par%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Même si l'expérience montre que, dans la majorité des cas, les ouvrages classiques comportant des géotextiles (voies de circulation, tranchées drainantes, protection de berges, etc.) se comportent bien, il est d'autres constructions qui exigent une surveillance plus étroite, en raison d'une plus grande sollicitation mécanique ou hydraulique du géotextile (ouvrages de soutènement, drain-cheminée dans les digues, etc.).  2, record 1, French, - mur%20de%20sout%C3%A8nement%20renforc%C3%A9%20par%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Manufactured fiber products made into fabrics of various constructions for use in a wide variety of civil engineering applications including several applications ... Asphalt overlay fabric ... Drainage fabrics ... Erosion control fabrics ... Geomembrane protection fabrics ... Reinforcement fabrics ... Subsurface stabilization fabrics.  2, record 2, English, - geotextiles

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

geotextiles: term standardized by AFNOR.  3, record 2, English, - geotextiles

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit ou article textile utilisé dans le génie civil.  2, record 2, French, - g%C3%A9otextiles

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les géotextiles [sont] des matériaux d'origine textile [...] Un test original a été développé, qui permet de simuler le comportement sol/géotextile sous chargement répété [...] Parmi les résultats de ce travail retenons : [...] - que les tissés de bandelettes et les non-tissés thermoliés sont efficaces à court terme pour limiter les mouvements de sol, mais à long terme, les non-tissés aiguilletés s'avèrent meilleurs à cet égard; - que les structures aiguilletées piègent plus de sol que les thermoliés [...] Les propriétés hydrauliques ou mécaniques des géotextiles sont depuis longtemps utilisées dans les drainages, la filtration, la protection des sites d'enfouissement ou le renforcement des sols.  2, record 2, French, - g%C3%A9otextiles

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

géotextiles : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  3, record 2, French, - g%C3%A9otextiles

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fig. 4-- Geotextile seaming techniques....  1, record 3, English, - geotextile%20seaming%20technique

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Seams should be of the "butterfly" or "J" type as shown in Fig. 4. A lock-type stitch should be used with double seams no farther than 6 to 12 mm... apart as required for all critical applications. A successful seam will provide no more than two-thirds of the fabric tensile strength. All seams should be tested to ensure that they meet the design strength criteria.  1, record 3, English, - geotextile%20seaming%20technique

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pose et assemblage des géotextiles [...]Il existe divers modes d'assemblage des géotextiles dont le choix dépend de la nature de l'ouvrage, des fonctions que doit remplir le géotextile et éventuellement des conditions de mise en œuvre [...] L'assemblage par recouvrement est le plus facile à réaliser et le plus courant [...] L'assemblage par couture est le plus fiable [...]Il existe également d'autres modes d'assemblage (par soudure, collage, etc.) dont l'emploi est toutefois peu fréquent.  1, record 3, French, - mode%20d%26rsquo%3Bassemblage%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Assemblage [des géomembranes]: Action d'assembler, de manière étanche et durable, vis-à-vis des sollicitations de service, les lés, nappes (ou panneaux). L'assemblage se fait généralement par soudure thermique avec ou sans apport de matière, ou par soudure par solvant,ou par collage, ou par vulcanisation avec ou sans apport de matière.  3, record 3, French, - mode%20d%26rsquo%3Bassemblage%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The site should be prepared to the most exhaustive criteria.... Large depressions should be lined with the geotextile with 1.8 m (6 ft) of material projecting beyond the depression. The depression should be filled with granular material level to the surrounding surface prior to placement of the primary geotextile layer.  2, record 4, English, - geotextile%20placement

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Laying. Many applications, such as separation between the formation and sub-base of a road, require geotextiles to be laid over large areas.... Where necessary, the geotextiles are joined by sewing or some other mechanical means before placing.  3, record 4, English, - geotextile%20placement

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Geomembrane deficiencies can result from activities conducted at all the following stages: manufacturing of rolls, fabrication of blankets, transportation, storage and handling, placement, field seaming....  4, record 4, English, - geotextile%20placement

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Avant le début des travaux, il est recommandé d'établir un plan de pose des géotextiles. Les éléments de ce plan seront les suivants: disposition des bandes de géotextile, avec indication de leur mode d'assemblage; caractéristiques de l'assemblage (longueur de recouvrement, couture); ordre de pose des nappes [...]  1, record 4, French, - pose%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Après avoir été transportés sur leur lieu d'utilisation, les rouleaux sont le plus souvent déroulés manuellement. Lors de sa mise en œuvre, le géotextile ne devra pas être pollué, percé, déchiré, de manière à ne pas altérer sa fonctionnalité.  1, record 4, French, - pose%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

asphalt overlay fabric: Fabric systems installed ... during pavement resurfacing. The fabric absorbs the tack coat sprayed on the old surface thus forming a permanent moisture barrier to protect the subgrade from strength loss due to water intrusion. The fabric system also helps retard reflective cracking ...  1, record 5, English, - fabric%20system

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sorte de tissu technique (géotextile ou autre) installé entre l'ancienne couche d'asphalte et la nouvelle, lors de la réfection de la chaussée par un nouveau surfaçage.  1, record 5, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] ligne d'extrusion pour bandelettes en 2.000 mm de large [...] La ligne d'extrusion est équipée de godets modulaires. Le design des godets est adaptable en fonction des besoins du client : bandelettes de faible titrage, [...] bandelettes fibrillées pour cordages, remplissage de câbles et ficelles agricoles, bandelettes pour agro- et géotextiles.  1, record 6, French, - bandelette%20pour%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Standard number: CAN/CGSB-148.1, 6.1-93  1, record 7, English, - Bursting%20Strength%20of%20Geotextiles%20Under%20No%20Compressive%20Load

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Numéro de norme : CAN/CGSB-148.1, 6.1-93  1, record 7, French, - R%C3%A9sistance%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9clatement%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles%20non%20sollicit%C3%A9s%20en%20compression

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Standard number: CAN/CGSB-148.1, 1-94  1, record 8, English, - Geotextiles%20%2D%20Sampling%20and%20Preparation%20of%20Test%20Specimens

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Numéro de norme : CAN/CGSB-148.1, 1-94  1, record 8, French, - G%C3%A9otextiles%2D%C3%89chantillonnage%20et%20pr%C3%A9paration%20des%20sp%C3%A9cimens%20d%26rsquo%3Bessai

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Standard number: CAN/CGSB-148.1, 7.3-92  1, record 9, English, - Grab%20Tensile%20Test%20for%20Geotextiles

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Numéro de norme : CAN/CGSB-148.1, 7.3-92  1, record 9, French, - Essai%20de%20r%C3%A9sistance%20%C3%A0%20la%20rupture%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles%2DEssai%20d%26rsquo%3Barrachement

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Standard number: CAN/CGSB-148.1, 3-M85  1, record 10, English, - Thickness%20of%20Geotextiles

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Numéro de norme : CAN/CGSB-148.1, 3-M85  1, record 10, French, - %C3%89paisseur%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Standard number: CAN/CGSB-148.1, 14-93  1, record 11, English, - Stiffness%20of%20Geotextiles

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Numéro de norme : CAN/CGSB-148.1, 14-93  1, record 11, French, - Rigidit%C3%A9%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Standard number: CAN/CGSB-148.2-M89.  1, record 12, English, - Geotextiles%20and%20Geomembranes%20%2D%20Definitions

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Numéro de norme : CAN/CGSB-148.2-M89.  1, record 12, French, - G%C3%A9otextiles%20et%20g%C3%A9omembranes%2DD%C3%A9finitions

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Standard number: CAN/CGSB-148.1, 10-94  1, record 13, English, - Geotextiles%20%2D%20Filtration%20Opening%20Size

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Numéro de norme : CAN/CGSB-148.1, 10-94  1, record 13, French, - G%C3%A9otextiles%2DD%C3%A9termination%20du%20diam%C3%A8tre%20d%26rsquo%3Bouverture%20de%20filtration

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Standard number: CAN/CGSB-148.1, 4-94  1, record 14, English, - Geotextiles%20%2D%20Normal%20Water%20Permeability%20Under%20No%20Compressive%20Load

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Numéro de norme : CAN/CGSB-148.1, 4-94  1, record 14, French, - G%C3%A9otextiles%2DPerm%C3%A9abilit%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20l%27eau%20dans%20un%20sens%20normal%20sans%20charge%20de%20compression

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Manufacture of qualified geotextiles based on the Malimo stitch bonding technique.  1, record 15, English, - manufacture%20of%20qualified%20geotextiles

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fabrication de géotextiles sur mesure utilisant la technique Malimo.  1, record 15, French, - fabrication%20de%20g%C3%A9otextiles%20sur%20mesure

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Specific test standards are not available to measure burial deterioration of geotextiles (many variables are involved), but work is being reported. Sutton et al. examined samples which were in place for up to 12 years. Both mechanical and hydraulic properties were examined and compared to original properties. Losses were generally nominal with maximum losses of 30%. The National Research Council of Canada is testing the effects of burial on fabrics, thereby recognizing that soil is very variable material. ... The test method is designated CGSB 4-GP-2 Method 28.3 ....  1, record 16, English, - burial%20deterioration%20of%20geotextile

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Burial degradation.  1, record 16, English, - burial%20deterioration%20of%20geotextile

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

CGSB 4-GP-2 method 28.3 is entitled "Resistance to Micro-organisms--Soil Burial Test".  2, record 16, English, - burial%20deterioration%20of%20geotextile

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Avant la pose des géotextiles, il faut vérifier que les conditions du sol support correspondent à celles qui ont conduit, entre autres, au choix du produit. [...] ces contrôles sont d'autant plus importants que les géotextiles sont généralement enterrés [...]  2, record 16, French, - d%C3%A9gradation%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles%20due%20%C3%A0%20l%27enfouissement

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La méthode 28.3, CGSB 4-GP-2 pour épreuves textiles s'intitule «Résistance aux micro-organismes--Essai par enfouissement dans le sol».  1, record 16, French, - d%C3%A9gradation%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles%20due%20%C3%A0%20l%27enfouissement

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Construction Site Damage Effects. The effects of construction operations and equipment should be considered in the selection of reinforcement materials and properties for design.... these properties should be determined by tension testing of reinforcing material specimens that have been subjected to the proposed placement and construction procedures.... compaction of blast rock against geotextile or geogrid may cause damage that reduces these materials' tensile strengths and moduli.... Christopher and Holtz ... provide tables for the required degree of geotextile "survivability" (resistance to damage during construction) as a function of subgrade conditions, construction equipment, and type of cover or backfill material.  1, record 17, English, - geotextile%20survivability

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Surviabilité : Qualité de ce qui est surviable.  2, record 17, French, - surviabilit%C3%A9%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Surviable : Se dit d'un matériel capable de continuer à fonctionner en dépit d'agressions extérieures pouvant aller de la simple nuisance jusqu'aux effets du combat sur les matériels militaires.  2, record 17, French, - surviabilit%C3%A9%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Équivalence proposée par analogie au domaine militaire.  1, record 17, French, - surviabilit%C3%A9%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Géotextile : produit textile utilisé dans le génie civil.  3, record 17, French, - surviabilit%C3%A9%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The joining of geomembrane panels together result in a seam which is often significantly weaker than the geomembrane itself. This is particularly true of seams made in the field versus those made in the fabrication factory, where quality control can be exercised more rigorously.  2, record 18, English, - geotextile%20panel

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pose et assemblage des géotextiles (...) La fixation du géotextile peut se faire par agrafage au sol à l'aide par exemple de fers à béton de petit diamètre. En cas de sollicitation importante du géotextile, ce procédé doit néanmoins être écarté en raison du risque d'amorces de rupture par déchirure. L'ancrage des nappes géotextiles, par exemple en bordure de pistes ou en tête de talus, peut se faire par enfouissement du géotextile dans une tranchée (...)  1, record 18, French, - nappe%20g%C3%A9otextile

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Nappe (ou panneaux): Ensemble des lés assemblés de manière définitive en usine ou dans un atelier proche du site de service,  3, record 18, French, - nappe%20g%C3%A9otextile

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Les termes "nappe" ou "panneaux" s'appliquent tant aux géotextiles (matériaux perméables qu'aux géomembranes (matériaux imperméables).  2, record 18, French, - nappe%20g%C3%A9otextile

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Influence of geotextile deformability. A geotextile also provides interlocking of soil particles when it deforms to the shape of soil particles ... . This depends on several parameters: stiffness of the goetextile, size of the soil particles and of the gaps between them, and normal stress applied on the geotextile. Several measurements on nonwoven geotextiles show that a more flexible geotextile provides a slightly larger contact efficiency. ... a possible reason for a large contact efficiency is that, with a deformable material on one side, a flexible geotextile is able to deform to the shape of the coarse particles on the other side.  1, record 19, English, - geotextile%20deformability

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La capacité de déformation des géotextiles est une caractéristique majeure à prendre en compte dans tous les ouvrages, tant sur le plan fonctionnel que sur le plan opérationnel.  1, record 19, French, - capacit%C3%A9%20de%20d%C3%A9formation%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le recouvrement est à moduler en fonction des paramètres techniques (déformabilité du géotextile, portance du sol) et économiques (...)  2, record 19, French, - capacit%C3%A9%20de%20d%C3%A9formation%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La flexibilité du géotextile augmente sa surface de contact avec le sol (...) ainsi que son adaptabilité à des profils complexes. Elle assure un meilleur ancrage (...) La flexibilité des géotextiles et leur déformabilité dans le plan sont capitales en particulier si l'on veut étaler sans pli des nappes sur des surfaces planes en courbe (exemple : virage).  1, record 19, French, - capacit%C3%A9%20de%20d%C3%A9formation%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish