Public Services and Procurement Canada
Symbol of the Government of Canada

Important notice

Writing Tips has been archived and won’t be updated before it is permanently deleted.

For the most up-to-date content, please consult Writing Tips Plus, which combines content from Writing Tips and The Canadian Style. And don’t forget to update your bookmarks!

Search Canada.ca
To begin your search, go to the alphabetical index below and click on the first letter of the word you are searching for.

upward, upwards, upwards of

Upward can be an adjective or an adverb, while upwards is always an adverb.

  • The upward force of the water was so strong that the kayak appeared to skim the surface.
  • Hikers in the Rockies find that the trees are shorter as they climb upward (or upwards).

The phrase upwards of is an informal expression meaning “at least” or “more than.”

  • Informal: The Department will invest upwards of $6 billion over the next 10 years.
  • Standard: The Department will invest at least $6 billion over the next 10 years.